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This pocket guide holds some of the most common disorders noticeable to both the young and the old. Don't forget to buy and keep a copy today. If not, this is the guide you need to read. Here, some of the major revisions from the two versions are briefly but sufficiently explained.
Use this guide to become updated on the definitions of some of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. Don't forget to grab a copy today. Diagnostic Exam is the clinician's companion for using DSM-5? The Pocket Guide addresses the goals of the interview, provides an efficient structure for learning how to conduct one, and explains the ways in which DSM-5? Dsm 5 Overview Author : Albert E.
To minimize sampling bias, we approached consecutive patients at each site in clinic sessions until the target quota for that week was achieved. In the first phase, subjects also agreed to a telephone interview, and of these, a random sample of were interviewed within 1 week of their clinic visit by 1 of 2 mental health professionals MHPs —a PhD clinical psychologist and a senior psychiatric social worker.
In the study's second phase, subjects who had completed the research questionnaire were sent a 1-page questionnaire that consisted of the 13 potential GAD scale items. Of these, subjects returned the completed 1-page questionnaire with no or minimal missing data within a week of completing the research questionnaire at the clinic.
The mean GAD scale score of subjects returning the questionnaire did not differ from that of subjects who did not return the questionnaire. Before seeing their physicians, patients completed a 4-page questionnaire that included the 13 items being tested for use in the GAD scale, as well as questions about age, sex, education, ethnicity, and marital status; the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey SF , 20 , 21 which measures functional status in 6 dimensions; and either the item anxiety subscale from the Symptom Checklist 16 first study phase only or the Beck Anxiety Inventory 14 second study phase only.
Depression was assessed with the PHQ-8, which includes all items from the PHQ-9 except for the item about suicidal ideation; PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 scores are highly correlated and have nearly identical operating characteristics.
The 2 MHPs conducted structured psychiatric interviews by telephone, blinded to the results of the self-report research questionnaire.
The interview also included the 13 potential GAD scale items to test agreement between self-report and clinician administration ie, procedural validity. The best items for the GAD scale were selected by rank ordering the correlation of each item with the total item scale score in the sample of patients who did not undergo the MHP interview.
Item-total score correlations were reexamined in 2 independent subsamples of the study population: the patients who underwent the MHP interview and the patients in the second phase of the study. In addition, we conducted receiver operating characteristic analyses with varying numbers of items in these patients by using an MHP diagnosis of GAD as the criterion standard.
Divergent validity of each item was assessed by calculating the difference between the item correlations with the item anxiety score and the PHQ-8 depression score. Convergent validity was assessed by examining correlations of the final version of the GAD scale with the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist, even though neither scale is specific for GAD.
To assess construct validity, we used analysis of covariance to examine associations between anxiety severity on the final GAD scale and SF functional status scales, self-reported disability days, and physician visits, controlling for demographic variables. For criterion validity, we investigated sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios for a range of cutoff scores of the final scale with respect to the MHP diagnosis.
To investigate whether anxiety as measured by the GAD-7 and depression as measured by the PHQ-8 reflect distinct dimensions, we assessed factorial validity by using confirmatory factor analyses. Finally, procedural validity and test-retest reliability were assessed by means of intraclass correlation.
The mean SD age of the patients was Receiver operating characteristic analysis with this set of items showed an area under the curve 0. Because each of the 7 items is scored from 0 to 3, the GAD-7 scale score ranges from 0 to Table 1 summarizes the operating characteristics of the GAD-7 at various cut points.
As expected, as the cut point increases, sensitivity decreases and specificity increases in a continuous fashion. At a cut point of 10 or greater, sensitivity and specificity exceed 0. Results were similar for men and women and for those aged less and those aged more than the mean age of 47 years.
In the entire sample of patients, the mean GAD-7 score was 6. Nonetheless, the operating characteristics of the scale were good because most patients with high symptom scores had chronic symptoms.
There was a strong association between increasing GAD-7 severity scores and worsening function on all 6 SF scales Table 2. As GAD-7 scores went from mild to moderate to severe, there was a substantial stepwise decline in functioning in all 6 SF domains. Most pairwise comparisons within each SF scale between successive GAD-7 severity levels were significant.
The relationship between GAD severity and functional impairment was similar in men and women. Figure 2 illustrates graphically the relationship between increasing GAD-7 scale scores and worsening functional status. Decrements in SF scores are shown in terms of effect size ie, the difference in mean SF scores, expressed as the number of SDs, between each GAD-7 interval subgroup and the reference group.
The reference group is the group with the lowest GAD-7 scores ie, , and the SD used is that of the entire sample. Effect sizes of 0. When the GAD-7 was examined as a continuous variable, its strength of association with the SF scales was concordant with the pattern seen in Figure 2. E-Book Description. New features and enhancements make DSM-5 easier to use across all settings: The chapter organization reflects a lifespan approach, with disorders typically diagnosed in childhood such as neurodevelopmental disorders at the beginning of the manual, and those more typical of older adults such as neurocognitive disorders placed at the end.
E-Book Details. Table of Contents. IntroductionChapter 2. Use of the ManualChapter 3. Neurodevelopmental DisordersChapter 5. Bipolar and Related DisordersChapter 7. Depressive DisordersChapter 8. Anxiety DisordersChapter 9.
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